ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ» º Q S E Q : QUICK SEQUENCER º º º º Copyright 1993-1995 by David HAUBENSACK º º All Rights Reserved º º º º version 1.1c, 09 february 1995 º ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³00 - Author, Copyright, Money, and all this kind of things...³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Read this, it contains lotsa info !!! Hi there, First-of-all, let me tell you that,... I'm French. So don't be scared off by some of the language booboos you will probably notice in this doc-file. So forget about Shakespeare and Hemmingway, just learn French and call me. This piece of software was (and probably still is) developped by: David HAUBENSACK 97, L'Oree du Golf 04860 PIERREVERT FRANCE home phone: (+33)-92729177 work phone: (+33)-42254292 work fax : (+33)-42252780 email : hbsk@rhum.cad.cea.fr (not hbsk@hostsit or hbsk@h2o anymore !!!) You must not: sell, copy, nor give away the fully functional version of this program, except to your baby sister, provided she is less than three years old but I doubt if she will thank you for it,... especially if you just have one brother and a cat. You may not use it for private, nor commercial purposes, unless you have purchased and received an explicite licence from me. The price for a licence of the "FULL-FEATURED" version 1.1 is 350.00 Francs or $70.00 US, including shipping. That's cheap, believe me. Yes, believe me ! If you can't pay in french francs nor in dollars, use today's currency rates and convert 350.00FF to your currency. Don't cheat on the conversion, OK ? Anyway, I will check it out in the financial section of my newspaper. All that cash-money will then be integrally wasted into the purchase of a musical instrument of some kind. I promise ! If you want to buy "QSEQ" send me a postcard with your exact name and address, and a check or a money order made out to my name. If you can't find a pretty postcard, don't worry, the check will do nicely. Remember to tell me what kind of floppy-disk you need (either: 3.5 or 5.25"). Registered users will be able to buy future releases for a special friendly price. Did I say: "friendly"? I'm feeling so generous today! I must have caught a cold or something. Future release means changes in the major or minor version number... You'll be able to get correction versions for free, if you're on Internet or if you send me a floppy with your address on it. Correction version numbers are followed by a lower-case letter (e.g. qseq v1.1c). To get an upgrade, don't forget to tell me your name, address and your previous licence number. For the "DEMO" version, you can run it for your private use, then give away copies of it to whoever you want. Just don't sell it, unless you are a crook. Beware, that demo version is not the full version... You cannot save music files with it! Tough luck, unless you own "2" PCs, and "2" MIDI-cards like a good friend of mine (he says he's not a crook, should I believe him?...). Anyway, even this DEMO version can be used as a very good midifile player and a sysex dumper (cos' you can save sysex files with it), that's why I don't consider it as a real crippleware. For those who hate those kind of crippled demo, let me tell you my story: "Once upon a time, I upload freeware of mine on the Internet. Then I get back a lot of calls from a lot of people that were just curious about the software or who didn't understand what it was about (cos they didn't even read the doc). Some of them were very rude because they seem to think that I have to help them with the software, as if I was a commercial hotline! I get buzzed about this. Now I'm asking for a little money ($70.00 US is really small in comparison with comparable commercial products), and I can tell you that it is a very good filter: now I mostly get in touch with motivated people who dare to read the documentation and invest time in seriously testing the product. I'm ready to help those kind of people. End of the story. Conclusion of the fairy tale: they were happy and conceived a lot of baby-midi-softwares together..." The date of birth of this version is written at the beginning of this document. But if today is 23/12/2021, there is probably a new release coming soon. Just ask me. Next major version will probably wait for a year to come, depending also on the success of this one... God, let me become a millionnaire with this marvellous program. Amen. (addition: after one year one the market, I'm still not a millionnaire but I'm satisfied...) You can probably find the latest demo version of qseq-*.zip on Internet via anonymous ftp in one of the following SIMTEL servers/directory: Rochester, Michigan: OAK.Oakland.Edu (141.210.10.117) /pub/msdos/sound St. Louis, MO: wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4) /systems/ibmpc/msdos Corvallis, OR: archive.orst.edu (128.193.2.13) /pub/mirrors/simtel/msdos Australia: archie.au (139.130.4.6) /micros/pc/oak England: src.doc.ic.ac.uk (146.169.2.10) /pub/packages/simtel Finland: ftp.funet.fi (128.214.248.6) /pub/msdos/SimTel Germany: ftp.uni-paderborn.de (131.234.2.32) /SimTel/msdos Hong Kong: ftp.cs.cuhk.hk (137.189.4.57) /pub/simtel/msdos Israel: ftp.technion.ac.il (132.68.1.10) /pub/unsupported/dos/simtel Poland: ftp.cyf-kr.edu.pl (149.156.1.8) /pub/mirror/msdos Sweden: ftp.sunet.se (130.238.127.3) /pub/pc/mirror/SimTel/msdos Switzerland: ftp.switch.ch (130.59.1.40) /mirror/msdos Taiwan: NCTUCCCA.edu.tw (140.111.1.10) /PC/simtel Thailand: ftp.nectec.or.th (192.150.251.32) /pub/mirrors/msdos or Netherlands?: ftp.cs.ruu.nl (131.211.81.17) /pub/MIDI/PROGRAMS/MSDOS If you don't have access to ftp, qseq-*.zip file can automatically be emailed to you uuencoded and split in 40Kb pieces. Just send a message to hbsk@rhum.cad.cea.fr with one of the following lines in the body of the message: sendqseqreturn -> send you QSEQ by return of the mail. sendqseqto -> send you QSEQ to the given address. sendhelpreturn -> send you an help file (with the last version number) by return of the mail. sendhelpto -> send you an help file (with the last version number) to the given address. For exemple, to get QSEQ, Mr Clinton would write: sendqseqto president@whitehouse.gov (!!! don't put any space character before the first keyword, Mr President !!!) The rest of the message is ignored (the subject line is not used...). Notice that the main chance to retrieve the very last version is to use this mailserver. Let me tell you one good thing. SoundBlaster is a trademark from Creative Labs. But their MIDI port is so simple that it is quite hard to program it efficiently. And MSDOS and Windows are trademarks from Microsoft Corp. But I do not use Windows for my personnal work. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³01 - Contents:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ 00 - Author, Copyright, Money... (are you sure you red this one?) 01 - Contents (you're in, dude!). 02 - Quick description to make you dream. 03 - Future releases. 04 - Bugs, oh no there is no bugs... (see chapter 40) 10 - What installation ? (READ THIS ONE, PLEASE, BEFORE CALLING ME !!!) 11 - Philosophy. 12 - Keys conventions. 13 - The status line. 20 - GLOBAL view. 21 - VARIABLE view. 22 - NOTE view. 23 - EVENT view. 24 - FILE view. 25 - SYSEX view. 26 - INFO view. 27 - LOOK view. 30 - How to record and play. 31 - Special keys. 32 - Command-line options. 33 - Configuration tool and file. 40 - Releases, sub-versions, and atomic changes... 41 - Conclusion. 42 - "Cul Sec". 50 - That's all folks ! ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³02 - Quick description, to make you dream:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ This sequencer is a text-mode one, written in C and assembly and its size gives you an average 400Ko free memory for your music, if you are running MSDOS 6.0. The upper memory is not used if you have more than 640Ko. Its main purpose is to be very easy and quick to use, with most of the features that any good sequencer offers. Here are these features: - PC compatible, with MSDOS 3.0 or greater. - Support the SoundBlaster MIDI interface. - 80 x 50 color text display, using direct video memory writing for speed. - Highly secured and reliable MIDI playing kernel, totally independant from the user-interface activity (I worked for this!). - Time resolution is 1/192th of a beat. - Two recording modes: overwrite preexisting material or append. - Punch in/out while recording. - 40 tracks, with many real-time parameters for each track, including selective MIDI events filters, fine delay, key and velocity transpose, etc... - Recordable tempo change on any track. - Each track contains up to 16000 MIDI events. - Each track can be looped a given number of times. - Each track is individually mutable or archivable, or can be set to solo mode. - Powerful graphic manipulation of tracks and beats (copy, cut, paste, paste-over, join, transpose, etc...), thru a buffer. - Powerful graphic edition of any MIDI event in a track (notes, control changes, aftertouch, bender, program changes, tempi, etc...). - Tool to smooth continuous MIDI events variations and to filter out useless events by linear interpolation. - Tool to create MIDI events by linear/curved/random progression. - Tool to split a track according to notes heigth. - Tool to split one multiple-channels track in several single-channel tracks. - Tool to humanize a track. - Tool to quantize a track, with a strength percentage. - Tool to change note velocities according to a linear and/or random function. - Tool to change MIDI event values according to a linear and/or random function. - Sysex files capabilities. - Info screen to memorize useful information about a sequence, with templates. - Real time visualisation in hours/minutes/secondes/hundredth of seconds. - Load, merge and save MIDI files or QSEQ format files. - Easy manipulation of files and directories. - Metronome click on the PC speaker or thru MIDI notes. - Possible use of real-time messages START/CONTINUE/STOP. - Tool to compute current MIDI controllers and tempo when you start playing at the middle of the song (powerful, hu ?). - Statistic screen to count and sort MIDI events for each track. - configuration tool and file for custom colors and settings. - And many many others features that I hope you'll like... ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³03 - Future releases:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ In the future, I plan to integrate new features: - Support of the MPU interface, as soon as I have the money to buy one. - Support of the synchronization for tape recording, as soon as I have the money to buy a MPU interface supporting sync. - Support of multiple MIDI ports, as soon as I have the money to buy a MPU interface supporting sync and having two MIDI ports to use 32 MIDI channels. - New tools to manipulate blocks. No money nor hypergalactic MPU card necessary for this one... - Library of sysex requests, in order to receive sysex dumps without manipulating synths' panels. Have to think about a clever way to implement this one. - A C library to manipulate QSQ format files to allow creation of batch tools that would increase too much QSEQ size if they were included in it. - Increase the number of tracks. It is easy but I don't need it and it can slow down the MIDI output if you have a real slow machine (like mine). Gimme a 486/DX2-66 as a gift and I will do this one! - Customizable keys for those who are tasteless because my choices are obviously the bests! - Any other feature that I need for myself, because I am the first and main user of this piece of software. The only difference between you and I is that I get it for free money but not free work! If you have any ideas, don't hesitate to send them to me on a letter or an email. But remember that I want to keep the program quite small and rapid to use. So I probably won't use any graphic interface with mouse and all this stuff if it is what you're thinking about. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³04 - Bugs, oh no there are no bugs...³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ I tested this software on a PC-AT-286/12 MHz with a SoundBlaster Pro card. It also perfectly works with my MIDI gear (Roland U20 synth, Quadraverb+ unit, Casio RZ-1 drum machine, Proteus/1 expander). I also tested it on a PC-486/33 of a friend of mine, with YAMAHA synths and a Roland SCC1 card (used as a synth, not as a MPU interface). I noticed no problem, or if I noticed some, I corrected them. I also tested it on a PC-386 without MIDI interface. It also works. But as I am not perfect nor divine for the moment, you could find a bug. I'm sure I forgot some weird case. Don't hesitate to send me a letter or email to the address above if you find one. Please describe it as precisely as possible, cos I already noticed it is sometimes hard for me to put the finger on them... You can notice that, according to chapter 40, there are already a certain number of subversions, due to a certain number of bug corrections but also pure improvements. Thanks to whoever helped me discovering these bugs. They know who they are. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³10 - What installation ?³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Files provided in the package are: - README.TXT : a file to read. - QSQ.TXT : this document, i.e. the user's manual. - QSQ.EXE : the QSEQ program itself. - QSQCONF.EXE : the QSEQ configuration program. - QSQ.PIF : the PIF program to execute QSEQ from MS/Windows. - QSQ.ICO : an icon you can use under MS/Windows. - QSQ.CFG : the original complete QSEQ configuration file. - VAR.CFG : configuration file restricted to variables. - BW_SCR.CFG : configuration file for black & white screen. - COL_SCR.CFG : configuration file for color screen. - FRENCH.TPL and ENGLISH.TPL : examples of template for the INFO view. - JAZZ.QSQ, WHATISAY.QSQ and WHATISAY.MID : sample music file under QSEQ format and standard MIDIFILE format. I'm not the creator of these examples I found on the net. I just modify them to make them obvious. Thanks to Ray Charles. I am giving this MIDIFILE, not selling it, so please Ray, if you read this (ooops excuse me!), don't ask me for any money... ;-) - DEMO.BAT : a DOS script to run QSEQ demo (edit it, run it and press space). This program needs at least a PC AT/286 with a VGA card and a version of MSDOS greater than v3.0. It's better if you have a color screen because colors are not customizable for the moment and I don't know what is the result on a monochrome display... Maybe YOU can tell, hu hu hu... It also needs a SoundBlaster card as a MIDI interface. QSEQ can read the BLASTER environment variable if it is correctly set in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file (see SoundBlaster's documentation for further informations). ex: set BLASTER=A220 I7 D1 T4 If you don't have a SB card, you can test the program interface anyway. When you record, a MIDI IN input is even simulated. Everything except the MIDI IN and MIDI OUT routines are working normally. The only useful file is "qsq.exe". Just type "qsq" to enter the program. You can also type the name of a file on the command line if you want it to be loaded at the beginning. You should store qsq.exe somewhere in your DOS search path if you want to be able to run it from any directory. You can also set two others environment variables: - MUSICDIR that contains the path to your most used music files directory. - SYSEXDIR that contains the path to your most used sysex directory. they will be used as default search pathes. ex: set MUSICDIR=c:\qsq\music set SYSEXDIR=c:\qsq\sysex Don't forget to switch LOCAL CONTROL off on your synth, because QSEQ takes care about redirecting what is entering its MIDI IN to MIDI OUT, after a little treatment. If you can't do this, you can reconfig QSEQ with the MIDITHRU token value to 0 (QSEQ won't provide any midi thru). If your synth understand LOCAL CONTROL, you can send this message automatically at the beginning of the session (reconfig QSEQ with LOCALCTRL token to 1). If you synth uses to send Active Sensing messages every 300ms, you'd better disable this option if it is possible cos' it can slow down QSEQ, even if QSEQ ignore them (and don't echo them to MIDI OUT). I don't guaranty that this program works with TSR programs. The results may be weird because I change the frequency of the timer (without loosing system timing information of course, I worked for this...). I am not responsible of any damages QSEQ could create on your PC. But it is just a formula because nothing happened to mine. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³11 - Philosophy:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ The Wise Man said: QSEQ is separated in several views. The main view is the GLOBAL view. Each view will be described in the following chapters. At the bottom of the screen, there are 3 lines that are reserved for menus and interactive questions. The first line is the main menu, telling you in what view you're in. The current view first letter is hilighted in a different color that the others. To change from one view to another, just type the letter of the new view. Notice that every view main short-key is a capital letter. The second line is a submenu that depends on the view you're in. It works in the same way: just type the hilighted letter of the item you want to activate. The third line is either for a subsubmenu or an interactive question or a sequencer message (report or error). ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³12 - Keys conventions:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ In this document, we will use the following notation: - ^A for Ctrl-A. - aA for Alt-A. - sA for Shift-A. That's all for this chapter. Short isn't it ? ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³13 - The status line:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ At the top of the screen, there is the status line, that contains from the left to the right: - the name of the current edited file. - the counter (see "Specials keys - aU" for the different availiable units. - the tempo in number of beats per minute. - the signature in number of beats per measure (in the whole sequencer, I assume that one beat equals one quarter-note). - the sequencer mode flag: (E): edit mode. (P): playing mode. (R): recording mode. (S): step recording mode. - the recording mode flag: (O): overwrite. (A): append. - the punch-in mode flag: (P): on. (p): off. - the metronome flag: (M): MIDI metronome on. (m): PC SPEAKER metronome on. (.): metronome off. - the midithru flag: (T): midithru on. (t): midithru off. - the memory left. In recording modes, it gives the number of free events available in the track, assuming one MIDI event uses 4 bytes and each beat uses also 4 bytes, and assuming one track contains a maximum of 16380 events. In every other mode, it gives the total number of thousands of free events available. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³20 - GLOBAL view:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Type 'G' to go to this view. Notice that from any other view, you just have to type ESC to return to the GLOBAL view... The zoom: ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ The GLOBAL view represents the global content of the 40 tracks of the sequencer, with or without a zooming feature. So the horizontal direction represents time. The zoom status is shown at the upper right corner: 'Z' for zoom, 'z' for unzoom. Use key 'z' to toggle between both modes. In the zoomed mode, each dot represents a beat (one quarter note or 192 ticks). In the unzoomed mode, each dot can represent either: - a measure, if the zoom is based on the signature: each measure contains a number of beats equal to the signature shown in the status line. Remember that the signature is use for the metronome accent, and for saving in MIDIFILES. It is a musical variable. The signature is set with the aS key. - a group of a user-definable number of beats, independant from the signature. We will call this number the zooming number. This number is usefull when you want to have an invariant signature but when you still want to vary the display (e.g. if you have a 4/4 signature, choosing a zooming number of 24 will give you a larger - but less precise - view on your sequence if you are in unzoomed mode). So remember that this zoom number is only a display variable, with no repercussion on the music. The zoom number is set with the aZ key. You can toggle between these two display modes with the ^Z key. In the zoomed mode, the upper horizontal scale counts beats. Notice that steps on the scale depends on weither you use the zooming number or the signature as the number of beats per group. In the unzoomed mode, the upper horizontal scale counts measures or zooming number based groups: it depends on weither you use the zooming number or the signature as the number of beats per group. Left part of the screen: ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ On the left part of the screen, you can read: - the track name (17 characters max). - the channel number. If it is used, each event in the track is forced to this channel, otherwise each event keeps the channel it had when it was recorded or inserted. - the optional initial program number which is send when the sequence is played back from beat 0. - the status mode: '-' for an empty track. '' for a normal non-empty track. 'L' for a looped track. The followings are overwritting the previous ones when used: 'M' for a muted track. 'A' for an archived track. 'S' for a track in solo mode (only one soloed track at the same time). Difference between a muted and an archived track: a muted track can be de-muted while playing, not an archived track. An archived track is totally ignored while playing, so the performance is better on slow machines, especially when the archived track contains a lot of events such as benders, etc... Right part of the screen: ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ The right part of the screen represent the content of each track. A '.' means that the beat/measure/group of beats is non-defined. A '-' means that the beat/measure/group of beats is defined but empty. See "secondary menus, v(f)il" to understand the meaning of every other symbols. The end of a track is shown by a '|'. If it is a '<', it means that you are in unzoomed mode and that the last measure/group of beats does not contain a number of beats equal to the signature/zooming number. If the track is looped, every repetition points of the loop are shown by a 'L', and the last 'L' shows the real end of the track when it is played. If you press the aL key, you can also see looping points: a 'L' appears on the beat where the track is looped, and also at the end of the track. If you want to hide this looping information, use aL key again. A 'M' at the beginning of a track means that the track is muted. A 'A' at the beginning of a track means that the track is archived. Secondary menus: ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ You can use the following secondary menus: - (m)ute: mutes the current track, or unmutes it. - (s)olo: sets the current track in solo mode: every other track is muted since you select this menu again. - (a)rch: archives the current track, or unarchives it. - (l)oop: sets the current track to loop mode. See the VARIABLE screen to set the looping beat and the number of loops. Use the same menu to defeat loop mode. - (i)nsN: inserts n beats or n measures at the cursor position, with or without cuting notes that stands on a limit. The INS key is a shortcut to do (i)ns1 without cuting. - (d)elN: deletes n beats or n measures at the cursor position, cuting notes that stand on a limit. The DEL key is a shorcut to do (d)el1. - (b)lock: a block is a group of consecutive beats of the same track. There's one buffer that you can be used to store one block and to copy it in another position. The following subsubmenus appear when you select this submenu: * (c)opy: copies the marked block in the buffer. You can also use aF4 key. * (p)aste: pastes the content of the buffer at the cursor position, insering the correspondant number of beats. You can repeat this operation a given number of time. You can also use aF5 key. * (k)ut: copies the marked block in the buffer and deleted the block from the original track. You can also use aF3 key. * (o)ver: pastes the content of the buffer over the cursor position, erasing any material under the buffer area. You can repeat this operation a given number of time. You can also use aF6 key. * (j)oin: pastes the content of the buffer over the cursor position, merging the new material with the old one. For notes, old notes are not erased by newer ones, for safety reasons. You can repeat this operation a given number of time. * (d)el: deletes the marked block from the track. Same as (k)ut but leave the buffer intact. * (w)ipe: simply erases the content of the marked block. * (b)egin: sets block begining, and also by the way the block's track. You can also use aF1 key. * (e)nd: sets block end, and also by the way the block's track. You can also use aF2 key. * (z)ero: unmarks the current marked block. * (g)lide: moves the block begining to the current cursor position, keeping the same block size. * (s)ize: asks for a new block size, keeping the same block beginning. * (m)anip: special manipulations on the marked block. - (.)..: use this special point submenu to toggle to next (m)anip submenu. - (c)ontinbeat: makes notes continuity for notes contained in the marked block. At the beat limit notes that ends at the tick 191 and start back at tick 0 of the next beat are tied together. This feature is useful when you use block cut/paste/insert/etc.. that often cuts notes at a beat limit. - (s)etchannel: changes the MIDI channel of every MIDI events contained in the marked block. - (t)ranspose: transposes every notes contained in the marked block of a positive of negative number of semi-tones. Notes transposed out of the usual 0-127 range are erased. - chg(v)elocity: changes the velocity of every notes contained in the marked block, according to a linear and/or random function: newvelo=A+(B/100*oldvelo)+-[0..RND]. The random factor can be used to "humanize" a group of notes of the same velocity. If the result is out of the usual 0-127 range, velocity is either set to 0 or 127. - chg(e)vtVal: changes the value of every event of a specified type contained in the marked block, according to a linear and/or random function: newvalue=A+(B/100*oldvalue)+-[0..RND]. The random factor can be used to "humanize" an event evolution (such as volume). If the result is out of the usual range, it is rounded to the nearest boundary. - (q)uantize: rounds off the starting point of notes to a resolution you choose. You can also give a roundoff rate (or strength percentage), between 0 and 100. If this rate is equal to 100, notes are kept unchanged; if this rate is zero, notes are precisely rounded off. Imagine what gives a medium rate... - (h)umanize: adds or substracts to the starting point of every notes a random value between 0 and the given number of ticks. When notes are entered with the keyboard, it is useful to add a little chaos... It "humanized" the way notes are played or it avoids mechanical way of playing. - split(n)ote: creates two tracks from one track. The first new track contains every notes between both given limits. The second new track contains every other notes (strictly outside limits). Others events can be duplicated in none, first, second or both tracks. The original track is not modified. New tracks herit of the name of the original track with either "(1)" or ")2(" at the end of the name. They also herit of the original track's parameters (see "VARIABLE view"). - split(c)hannel: creates several tracks from one track. Each new track contains every notes of the original track related to a same MIDI channel. Then a maximum of 16 tracks can be created. The original track is not modified. This feature is useful when you load a format 0 standard MIDI file, that contains all channels merged together in one track. New tracks herit of the name of the original track with a "Cnn" at the end of the name, where nn is the number of the isolated MIDI channel. They also herit of the original track's parameters, except the MIDI channel parameter that is kept empty. - (t)rack: in this menu, a track is considered as the content of the track and also every parameters or variables related to the track. The buffer used in this operation is the same as the buffer used in beats operations, so be careful not to loose beats or tracks ! The following subsubmenus appear when you select this submenu: * (i)ns: inserts one track at the current position. Every tracks behind this position are translated one step down. Not possible if track 39 is not empty. * (d)el: deletes current track. Every tracks behind this position are translated one step up. Be careful, no way to get it back ! * (c)opy: copies the whole current track in the buffer. * (k)ut: copies the whole current track in the buffer and perform a "track del" operation. * (p)aste: pastes the content of the buffer in the current track, if it is empty, and if the buffer contains the result of a "track kut" or "track copy" operation. Variables of the current track are modified. * (j)oin: joins the content of the buffer with the current track. Variables of the current track are not modified. * (e)rase: erases the content of the current track. Variables of the current track are not modified. If you insert something in the track, they will all appear again. * (m)ark: marks the whole current track. - p(u)nch: this feature allows you to record with automatic punch-in and punch-out points. When you are in punch mode and when you hit record, you stay in playback mode since you reach the punch-in point, where you are automatically transfered in record mode. Then when you reach the punch-out point, you are coming back automatically to playback mode. This allows you to re-record a precise number of beats within an existing, without loosing peripherical material. * (u)on/off: switch punch mode on or off. You can also use aP key. * (i)n: set punch-in point to the current beat. * (o)ut: set punch-out point to the current beat. - (j)oker: you can use special items to mark a beat, that I call "jokers". They are numbered from 'A' to 'Z' and appear on the horizontal scale. They are not associated with text for the moment, but you can use them to clarify the structure of your sequence and to mark turning points (intro, chorus, ending, etc...): * (i)ns: inserts a joker at the current beat. You can also use ^INS key. * (d)el: deletes any joker at the current position. You can also use ^DEL key. * (n)ext: goto next joker. You can also use ^F5 key. * (p)revious: goto previous joker. You can also use ^F6 key. * (r)ightTrans: translates one step right every jokers at the right of the current point. You can also use ^F7 key. * (l)eftTrans: translates one step leftt every jokers at the right of the current point. You can also use ^F8 key. * (c)learAll: clear all jokers. You can also use aJ to make jokers visibles or invisibles and ^J to go to a specified joker. - (g)oto: * block (b)egin: go to the begining of the marked block. * block (e)nd: go to the end of the marked block. * punch (i)n: go to the punch in point. * punch (o)ut: go to the punch out point. * (j)oker: go to specified joker. * (l)oopingbeat: go to the looping beat of the current track if there's one. - v(f)il: allows you to set an event-type based filter in the global view. You can choose what type of event will be shown by a character different from '-'. For example, if you choose 'note', the global view will only show you beats or measures containing notes by putting a 'n' on them. Any other beat or measure does not contain any notes (but maybe other events such as controllers or tempi). * (n)ote: tags beats or measures containing notes with a 'n'. * poly(A)ote: tags beats or measures containing polyphonic aftertouch with a 'A'. * (c)trl: tags beats or measures containing controllers with a 'c'. * (p)rog: tags beats or measures containing program changes with a 'p'. * (a)ft: tags beats or measures containing channel aftertouch with a 'a'. * (b)end: tags beats or measures containing benders with a 'b'. * (t)empo: tags beats or measures containing tempo events with a 't'. * no(f)ilter: tags beats or measures containing any event with a 'þ'. - *: the current cursor position become the center of the screen. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³21 - VARIABLE view:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Type 'V' to go to this view or F9. This view gathers informations about each track. You can edit this information depending on the sequencer running mode or the emptiness of the track. You can move in this view using the four arrows, PGUP and PGDOWN, HOME and END (test their meaning by yourself), but also by using the secondary menu that brings you directly in the column you choose. Use ENTER to edit any field. For numeric variables, you can just type in a new figure. You can also use F5, F6, F7 and F8 to increase or decrease the hilighted value of one or several units. Secondary submenus are, from left to right: - (n)ame: name of the track using 17 characters maxi. - (c)h: MIDI channel of the track. If none, each MIDI event contained in the track uses its own channel value when sent to MIDI out. You cannot change this value while the sequencer is running... - (p)rg: original program change. Not available if there is no MIDI channel specified above. When playing the sequence from beat 0, the original program change is sent at the beginning. Changing this value while the sequencer is playing sends the corresponding program change to MIDI out in real-time. If recording, this program change is recorded if concerning the record track. - v(o)l: original volume controller. Not available if there is no MIDI channel specified above. When playing the sequence from beat 0, the original volume controller is sent at the beginning. Volume controller is number 7 in the MIDI norm. Changing this value while the sequencer is playing sends the corresponding volume change to MIDI out in real-time. If recording, this volume change is recorded if concerning the record track. - (b)al: original balance controller. Not available if there is no MIDI channel specified above. When playing the sequence from beat 0, the original balance controller is sent at the beginning. Balance controller is number 10 in the MIDI norm. Changing this value while the sequencer is playing sends the corresponding balance change to MIDI out in real-time. If recording, this balance change is recorded if concerning the record track. - (k)+: on-the-fly transpose value. Any note of the current track is transposed using this positive or negative number of semi-tones. This is not affecting the note stored in the memory. You can change this value while the sequencer is running ! This transposition affects any note coming from MIDI in, even if the sequencer is running. If you want a hard transposition that affects notes in the memory, use the "GLOBAL block manip transpose" feature. - (v)+: on-the-fly velocity change value. This positive or negative amount of velocity is added to the velocity of any note of the current track. This is not affecting the note stored in the memory. You can change this value while the sequencer is running ! This transposition affects any note coming from MIDI in, even if the sequencer is running. If you want to change multiple notes velocities in the memory, use the "GLOBAL block manip chgvelocity" feature. - (d)ly: on-the-fly time translation. The whole track is translated in real-time using this neagtive or positive amount of ticks (=1/192 beat). It is not affected the track as it is stored in the memory. A positive value is making the track late in comparison with a normal one. This feature is useful when you want one track to have the priority (for example the drum kit track): if several notes occure at the same time, you can be sure that the note of a minus-one-transalted track will occure before the others... You can also use this feature to create a MIDI echo effects if you copy one track in an empty one and translate one from the other. - (g)oto: - (x)loop: Both variables are used to set a looping feature: at the end of a track, you can automatically loop to a previous beat. This beat is set with the (g)oto submenu or directly in the GLOBAL view with the ^L key (see "Special keys"). You can repeat this feature a given number of time. This number is set with the (x)loop variable (column called "x"). This number is in the range 0..99. A number 100 set an infinite ("hi") number of loop. This feature is working in any case, even when you start the playback after the end of a looped track. A looped track end is shown by a 'L' in the GLOBAL view. When you toggle the looping mode in the GLOBAL view, you don't loose the loop number value, which is just temporarly set to zero. - (f)ilter: this feature allows you to filter events by type for each track. It does not affect the track as it is stored in the memory. It is only a real-time feature used during playback. You can filter out: * (n)ote: any notes. * poly(A)ft: polyphonic aftertouch events. * (c)trlchg: any control changes. * (p)rgchg: program changes. * mono(a)ft: channel aftertouch events. * (b)ender: bender events. * (t)empo: tempo changes. - (i)nfo: this field cannot be edited. It just contains different informations. You can switch from an information to the next one using this submenu. Available informations are: * size of the track in number of QSQ events, assuming that a MIDI event is a QSQ event, but also a beat limit and a tempo change. Each QSQ event uses 4 bytes in the memory. * number of beats in the current track. * other informations, for my private use. Try to guess... ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³22 - NOTE view:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Type 'N' or F10 to go to this view. This view is used to edit notes in the current track. The horizontal direction still represents time, but more precisely than in the GLOBAL view. Infact, this view displays a number of beats equal to signature/zooming number (you can still use ^Z key to toggle between both values). The vertical direction represents notes in semi-tones (from 0 to 127, assuming that 60 stands for middle C). One note is represented by a segment 'ÜÜÜÜ'. Its length represents the duration of the note. If the note is continued after the left or right edge of the screen, the cuting point is shown by a ''. If the ending point of one note is graphically mixed to the starting point of another note, the first note ends with a 'ÜÜÜ¿'. The following keys are used: - LEFT/RIGHT: moves one step left/right. - INS: inserts one note at the cursor position. - DEL: deletes the current hilighted note. - TAB: goto next note. - BACKTAB: goto previous note. - ^LEFT/^RIGHT: moves one beat left/right. - HOME: goto the left edge of screen. - END: goto the right edge of screen. - ^HOME: goto the beginning of the track. - ^END: goto the end of the track. - UP/DOWN: moves one semi-tone up/down. - PGUP/PGDOWN: moves one octave up/down. - ^UP/^DOWN: moves one track up/down (according to the track order used in the GLOBAL view). - ^PGUP/^PGDOWN: moves five tracks up/down. - *: adjust the cursor and the page vertically in order to be in a zone containing notes. When the sequencer is running, the page is automatically centered according to positions of notes in the whole page. If you want to disable this behaviour, just use UP/DOWN and PGUP/PGDOWN to center the page wherever you want in the scale. Then type '*' again to restore the original automatical behaviour. - aF1: sets block begin here. - aF2: sets block end here. Notice that in NOTE screen, marked block limits are give in beats/ticks. These limits are used as default starting and ending points in functions such as (p)rog or e(x)tract. In the GLOBAL view, marked block contains only full beats (it means you cannot copy half of a beat...). In this screen, you can also move vertically the cursor using an external MIDI keyboard. The cursor just follows notes you hit on the keyboard !!! For this screen, you have a secondary status line. Some submenus are used to shift from a currently edited field (highlighted in blue) to another one. F5, F6,F7 and F8 keys can be used to change the currently edited field. You can also just type in a new value. From left to right, fields of the secondary status line are: - the track number and the track name. - UNIT/INC: UNIT gives the type of unit used for in following timing fields: * tick: each of the following timing values is given in beats and ticks (remember that one beat equals 192 ticks). INC represents the number of ticks contained in one horizontal cursor jump (using left or right arrows). * div: each of the following timing values is given in beats and number of division of one beat. INC represents a given number that divides one beat in equal segments, and is also used as the basic horizontal cursor jump. If the INC value can be followed by a 'b' for binary or a 't' for ternary. Examples: * UNIT=tick, INC=048. It means that a cursor jump contained 48 ticks, i.e. the quarter of a beat. The START field and the LENGTH field are given in beats and ticks. * UNIT=div, INC=04b. It means that a cursor jump contained 1/4 of one beat, i.e. 48 ticks as in the previous example. The START field and the LENGTH field are given in beats and 1/4th of beats. It can be easier to read that in the previous example, even if the result is the same. * UNIT=div, INC=04t. It means that a cursor jump contained (1/4)*2/3 of one beat, i.e. 1/6. It is useful if you want to play with triplets... Use the (u)nit submenu to toggle between 'div' and 'tick' and the (i)nc submenu to change the INC value. - ECHO: if it is on, when the cursor is touching a note, this note is issued to MIDI out, with the correct length and velocity (using 'key+' and 'vel+' offset values of the VARIABLE screen if they are non-zero). Toggle echo on or off with the (e)cho submenu. - MODE: When the cursor is on an existing note, this note is hilighted and the MODE field contains 'cur': it means that START, LENGTH, KEY, VEL, OVL and CH fields contains values describing the current hilighted note. Any change of these fields is affecting the hilighted note. You cannot insert a note on an existing one with the INS key, but you can delete a highlighted note with the DEL key... If the cursor is on no existing note, the MODE field contains 'ins': it means that you can insert a note using default values that stand in START, LENGTH, KEY, VEL, OVL and CH fields. These default values can also be changed and are not affected by the cur/ins MODE switching. In this MODE, you can insert one note with the INS key. In the 'cur' MODE, you can memorized values of the current note in default values of the 'ins' MODE by using the (m)emo submenu. - START: starting point of the current edited note or of the note to be inserted. Use the (s)tart submenu to make this field the edited field. - LENGTH: length of the current edited note or of the note to be inserted. Use the (l)gth submenu to make this field the edited field. - KEY: heigth of the current edited note or of the note to be inserted, in semi-tones. Use the (k)ey submenu to make this field the edited field. - VEL: velocity of the current edited note or of the note to be inserted. Use the (v)el submenu to make this field the edited field. - OVL: off-velocity of the current edited note or of the note to be inserted. Use the (o)vel submenu to make this field the edited field. - CH: MIDI channel of the current edited note or of the note to be inserted. remember that the channel value of the VARIABLE view, if it exists, has the priority... Use the (c)h submenu to make this field the edited field. Other available submenus are: - sc(a)le: toggles between three representations of the vertical note scale (MIDI numbers from 0 to 127, notes in anglo-saxo notation A, A#, B, C,... or A, B-, B, C,...). - (d)isp: toggles between three types of display: show whole notes, notes-on only or notes-off only. Sometimes useful. Notes-on are shown with a '(', notes-off with a ')'. If two or more notes-on or notes-off are overlapping, a 'x' is shown. - (t)ag: enables or disables a gadget that makes the cursor reflect the name of the note in anglo-saxon notation. If the letter is in upper case, the note is just. If the letter is in lower case, the note is raised. - (p)rog: tool to create automatically a simple note progression. You give starting and ending points in beats/ticks, the number of steps, the MIDI channel, first and last note, first and last velocity, a curve rate and a random range. If the curve rate is positive, the curve is upside the simple linear progression. Can be useful with tuned percussion, as wind chimes... Note that starting and ending points values are set by default to block begin and block end (it is the same for each other tool in the NOTE or EVENT view). - e(x)tract: tool to erase a precise range of notes. You give starting and ending point in beats/ticks, note range (upper and lower value) and the channel concerned. Useful if you want to erase very precisely. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³23 - EVENT view:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Type 'E' to go to this view. This view is used to edit events such as MIDI controlers, benders, program changes, monophonic aftertouch and tempo changes. You can edit only one event type at a time. The current event type is shown in the EVENT field of the secondary status line. To focus on a certain type: Type 'C' or F11 to select the CONTROLERS view. Type 'B' or F12 to select the BENDER view. Type 'P' to select the PROGRAM CHANGE view. Type 'A' to select the AFTERTOUCH view. Type 'T' to select the TEMPO view. The horizontal scale is the same as in the NOTE view. The vertical scale represents events values. The boundaries are: - for controlers 0 to 127: 0..127 - for benders: -8192..8191 - for program changes: 0..127 - for monophonic aftertouch: 0..127 - for tempo changes: 1..239 bpm An event is represented by a black square and events are linked to each other by gray lines. If several events coexist on the same vertical row, a 'x' appears at the bottom of the row. The following keys are used and are sometimes the same as in the NOTE view: - LEFT/RIGHT: moves one step left/right. - INS: inserts one event at the cursor position. - DEL: deletes the current hilighted event. - TAB: goto next event. - BACKTAB: goto previous event. - ^LEFT/^RIGHT: moves one beat left/right. - HOME: goto the left edge of screen. - END: goto the right edge of screen. - ^HOME: goto the beginning of the track. - ^END: goto the end of the track. - UP/DOWN: moves one step up/down. - PGUP/PGDOWN: moves one big step up/down. - ^UP/^DOWN: moves one track up/down (according to the track order used in the GLOBAL view). - ^PGUP/^PGDOWN: moves five tracks up/down. - aF1: sets block begin here. - aF2: sets block end here. Notice that in EVENT screen, marked block limits are give in beats/ticks. These limits are used as default starting and ending points in functions such as interpo(l), (p)rog or e(x)tract. In the GLOBAL view, marked block contains only full beats (it means you cannot copy half of a beat...). For this screen, you have a secondary status line that shows from left to right: - the track number and the track name. - UNIT/INC: same as in the NOTE view. - EVENT: current event type: * c-000 to c-127: MIDI controler 0 to 127. * aftch: monophonic aftertouch. * prog: program changes. * bend: benders or pitch wheel. * tempo: tempo changes. Notice that you can include tempo changes in any track which can be useful but also dangerous to control. Use the GLOBAL view filter to watch only tempi if you are lost... Use the (n)event submenu to make this field the edited field. - MODE: When the cursor is on an existing event, this event is hilighted and the MODE field contains 'cur': it means that START, VAL and CH fields contain values describing the current hilighted event. Any change of these fields is affecting the hilighted event. You cannot insert an event on an existing one, but you can delete an highlighted event with the DEL key... If the cursor is not no an existing event, the MODE field contains 'ins': it means that you can insert an event using default values that stand in START, VAL and CH fields. These default values can also be changed and are not affected by the cur/ins MODE switching. In this MODE, you can insert one event with the INS key. In the 'cur' MODE, you can memorized values of the current note in default values of the 'ins' MODE by using the (m)emo submenu. - START: starting point of the current edited event or of the event to be inserted. Use the (s)tart submenu to make this field the edited field. - VAL: value of the current edited event or of the event to be inserted. Use the (v)alue submenu to make this field the edited field. - CH: MIDI channel of the current edited note or of the note to be inserted. remember that the channel value of the VARIABLE view, if it exists, has the priority... Use the (c)han submenu to make this field the edited field. Other available submenus are: - interpo(l): tool to make a linear interpolation on a subset of events. You give starting and ending points in beats/ticks, the size of the step in ticks. At the end, you only get one event for each step, which is calculated with a linear interpolation using neighbours values. It is useful to interpolate between two events separated by a large gap or, on the contrary, to find a clever way to delete events when they are too numerous. Notice that some steps may finally not contain any event because the process does not allow two successive equal events. Use this especially for benders that often generate more events than needed. Oh yes, a last parameter is a question about if you want to keep large empty gap free of any event: when a large gap of more than 2 steps is encountered, the interpolation is not done. It is useful for events such as benders: benders are often grouped together in some area, with empty gaps beetween: using this option will allow you to disable interpolation within these gaps. - (p)rog: tool to create automatically a simple event progression. You give starting and ending points in beats/ticks, the number of steps, the MIDI channel, first and last values, a curve rate and a random range. Can be useful to create smooth volume increasing for example, with a parabolic increasing, or a random variation of the panoramic distribution. - e(x)tract: tool to erase a precise range of notes. You give starting and ending point in beats/ticks, note range (upper and lower value) and the channel concerned. Useful if you want to erase very precisely. If you forgot the number of major MIDI controllers, here they are. Note that some of them may not be recognized by your synth. #000-031: continuous controllers 0 to 31 least significant byte. #001: modulation wheel. #002: breath control. #004: foot controller. #005: portamento time. #006: data entry. #007: volume (level). #010: pan controle (balance). #032-063: continuous controllers 0 to 31 most significant byte. #064-095: on/off switches (0:off, 127:off). #064: damper pedal (sustain). #065: portamento on/off. #066: sustenuto on/off. #067: soft pedal on/off. #096: data entry +1 (v=127). #097: data entry -1 (v=127). #098-121: Undefined #122-127: Reserved for Channel Mode messages. #122: Local Control (v=0="Local Control Off", v=127="Local Control On"). #123: all notes off (v=0). #124: omni mode off, including all notes off (v=0). #125: omni mode on, including all notes off (v=0). #126: mono mode on, including poly mode off and all notes off (v=M, where M is the number of channels, v=0, the number of channels equals the number of voices in the receiver). #127: poly mode on, including mono mode off and all notes off (v=0). ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³24 - FILE view:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Type 'F' to go to this view. The FILE view is used to deal with music files. If you use a file with a ".MID" extension, it will be considered as a standard MIDIFILE. Any other extension will make it considered as a QSEQ file, but QSEQ files extension are ".QSQ" by default. A QSEQ file can be a little bigger than standard MIDIFILE (+20%), but it contains more informations and it's really quicker to load and save. Here is a list of what is saved: - version of QSEQ file format. - initial tempo and signature. - contents of the INFO view. - contents of the SYSEX view (names of any linked raw sysex file). - jokers positions. - for each track: - name of the track. - variables described in the VARIABLE view. - increment of NOTE and EVENT views. - any MIDI events with a 1/192th resolution. - any others events (tempo changes, etc...). An example is included in the package. It's a file I found on the Internet, called WHATISAY.MID. It's a transcription of a tune from Ray Charles. I loaded it originally under MIDIFILE format, added my changes to make it an obvious example and save it under QSEQ format and under MIDIFILE format again, to allow you to make comparisons. Notice that INFO and SYSEX view information are not saved under MIDIFILE format, and that, according to MIDIFILE standard, every tempo changes are stored in track 0. In the WHATISAY.QSQ example, you can visualize "jokers", the result of the looping feature, tempo changes mixed with the drum track, etc... Available submenus are: - (l)oad: loads a file, forgetting the previous one. - (a)ppend: loads a file by adding it to any previously loaded file. It is done by filling available empty tracks... The values of the VARIABLE view are not overwritten. Neither are the initial tempo and the signature. - (s)ave: saves a file, with the possibility to change its name if it has already one. You can use F2 at any time to save the current file under its name. By default, QSEQ creates a backup copy of any file to be saved, using a ".BAK" extension. If you don't want this behaviour, you can configure it using the BACKUP token. - (d)elete: deletes a file on the disk. - (r)ename: renames a file on the disk. Works just as the DOS rename command. - (c)learmem: erases the file currently edited, but do not delete it on the disk. When you enter any of the four first submenus, it only prompt you for a file name. Then you have several possibilities: - type the name of the file. If you are performing a "save", the file is saved. The current musicfiles path is used if you don't include a path of your own. Note that this current musicfiles path is set to the content of the MUSICDIR environement variable when you start QSEQ. If you are performing a load, the corresponding file is searched in the current musicfiles path or in the path you specified. If it is found, it is just loaded. If it is not found, read the next case... - if you want to see the content of a directory and pick a name in a list of existing files, you can either: * enter nothing: it displays .MID and .QSQ files contained in the current musicfiles directory, and you can pick a file name or even move in the disk tree or on others disks. * enter a DOS name including wildcards '*' or '?'. It displays the content of the given directory if you include a path or the content of the current musicfiles directory, using the given filter. See chapter 32 if you want to know how to load files from the DOS command line. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³25 - SYSEX view:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Type 'S' to go to this view. With this view, you can create a list of sysex files to send thru MIDI OUT. This list is saved with the sequence. It contains sysex files names possibly including a path. When no path is included, the file is assumed to be in the current sysex directory. The current sysex directory is set to the content of the SYSEXDIR environement variable when you start QSEQ. A sysex file contained one or several sysex dumps. A sysex dump is a subset of bytes. The first byte is F0(hex) and the last is F7(hex). All other bytes have bit 7 clear. So it is a very simple format. You can use it with other programs. Available submenus are: - (s)end: send the currently selected file thru MIDI OUT. - (r)eceive: receive a sysex dump from MIDI IN. First you are prompted for a sysex file name (You can use the same facilities as in the FILE view). Then prepare your MIDI gear to send a sysex dump. Press a key to put QSEQ in waiting mode and send the sysex. It is recorded on the disk and the file is added to the list. If there's already a file with the same name on the disk, QSEQ asks you if you want to overwrite it, and the old file is backup with a ".BAK" extension, if you did not disable this option using the configuration token BACKUP. - send(a)ll: send all sysex files from the SYSEX view. You can make the same by typing ^S from any view when the sequencer is not running. - (i)nsfile: prompt you for a sysex file name to add to the list. - (d)elfile: delete the selected sysex file from the list but not from the disk. - re(n)name: change the name of the selection. Does not affect files on the disk. - send(p)ause: prompt you for a number of 1/100 of second to wait between each sysex groups that may be contained in a single sysex file. Useful for big sysex dumps that must be sent to slow synth. Am I thinking to my poor Roland U20 ? Maybe... Anyway, this value can also be configured using the SYSEXPAUSE token. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³26 - INFO view:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Type 'I' to go to this view. In this view, you can type any information about the current sequence. The editor is a simple one. It is always in insert mode. Keys that can be used are: - arrows, PGUP, PGDOWN to move around. - DEL: deletes current character. - BACKSP: deletes previous character. - ^BACKSP: deletes current line: - HOME: goto beginning of line. - END: goto end of line. - ^HOME: goto beginning of text. - ENTER: inserts a carriage return and goto next line. For example it is useful to enter: - the tittle. - the author. - the date of birth of the composition. - electronic instruments used. - the partition. - any comments (on the analog part of the mixdown, effects used, etc...). The ^F1 key can be used to insert a text file in the text, e.g. a template file. A template file called "template" is included in the package as an example. The ^F2 key can be used to insert current date and time in the text. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³27 - LOOK view:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Type 'L' to go to this view. In this view, QSEQ just have a look at the overall content of the current track by counting and displaying the number of events in each MIDI categorie. Displayed values are: - number of beats. - number of tempo changes. - number of NOTE ON. - number of NOTE OFF. - number of program changes. - number of benders. - number of monophonic aftertouch. - number of polyphonic aftertouch. - total number of controllers 0-127. - precise number of each controller. The following keys can be used: - ^UP/^DOWN: moves one track up/down (according to the track order used in the GLOBAL view). - ^PGUP/^PGDOWN: moves five tracks up/down. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³30 - How to record and play:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ You start playing back a sequence by pressing SPACE. The playback starts at the current beat. If starting at beat 0, initial controllers from the VARIABLE view are sent to MIDI OUT. If you start anywhere else, be aware that controllers may not be in their logic position because you didn't play the sequence until the beginning. To solve this, use the ^F key to determinate and send these controllers last logic values (see "Special Keys"). While playing, the sequencer status becomes 'P' in the status line. While playing, you can start recording by pressing ^R. The record is assumed to start at the tick 0 of the current beat of the current track. Remember this, because it is important when you are in overwritting recording mode. While recording, the sequencer status becomes 'R' in the status line. Yes, there are two recording mode: "overwritting" and "appending". You can switch from one to another with key aR. The current mode is shown on the status line ("Ov" or "Ap"). In overwritting mode, new material overwrites old one. This is always done using full beats. It means that if you start recording while playing at the middle of one beat, the material of the whole beat will be lost. Same thing for the end of the recording: the whole last beat is lost. See also that I speak about beats and not measures... In appending mode, new material is just appended to old one, but new notes cannot erased old ones at the same position, for safety reasons (in this case, these new notes will be lost). You can also start recording directly when the sequencer is not running. Just press ^R to set the sequencer in recording mode. Press SPACE when you want the record to begin. If you are using a non-zero countdown value, the playback is beginning before the current point to let you hear previous beats, but the record begins only when the current point is reached. This coutdown value is set with the aC key; it is a number of beats. There is also an interesting feature if you want to insert new material between two beats and not anywhere else. It is the punch in/out feature. Use "GLOBAL p(u)nch" menu to switch in on and to set the starting and ending beats. Then go before the starting beat and press ^R and space to start recording. The sequencer will set itself automatically in record mode between the punch-in beat (included) and the punch-out beat (excluded). Anywhere else, it will stay in playback mode and leave old material untouched. Remember that in any case, only one track is recorded: the one that was selected when you hit ^R. After begin recording, you can move the cursor vertically from one track to another: it won't change the recorded track. This allows you to mute tracks while recording or use any other display features while recording. Notice that in any running mode, when a message is entering QSEQ thru MIDI IN, the memory field (upper right corner) blinks. It is a good test to verify that your MIDI cables are correctly set. You can also disable this feature using the MIDIFLASH configuration token. QSEQ can use realtime MIDI messages: when you start playing, a START message or a CONTINUE message is sent to MIDI OUT, depending if you are playing from beat 0 or from somewhere else. When you stop playing, a STOP message is issued to MIDI OUT. These messages can be used by others sequencers or rhythm machines. If you want QSEQ to use these messages, you should configure it with the REALTIME token or use the aE key. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³31 - Special keys:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Some features are not accessible thru a menu but thru short-keys: Normal keys: ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ SPACE: play/stop. When playing from the first beat, initial controllers from the VARIABLE view are sent first and a little pause is made, allowing slow MIDI gear to be ready when the sequence begins. F2 : Saves current file, with optional automatic backup to ".BAK". F3 : Toggles beetween metronome off / PC SPEAKER metronome / MIDI metronome (see also key "aM"). F4 : Switches to next unit mode for the counter in the status line. (see also key "aU"). F6/F5: increases or decreases of one unit any value. F8/F7: increases or decreases of a "big step" any value. ESC : go back to GLOBAL view. F9 : Switches to VARIABLE view. F10 : Switches to NOTE view. F11 : Switches to CTRL view. F12 : Switches to BENDER view. Alt keys: ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ aF1 : sets block begin here. aF2 : sets block end here. aF3 : cuts block. aF4 : copies block. aF5 : pastes block. aF6 : pastes block over. aX: to quit, type aX again to confirm. aT: If the sequencer is stopped, it is used to change the initial tempo value. If the sequencer is running, use it to enter tempo change mode. If you are recording, tempo changes are also recorded. Use ESC key to exit this mode. aR: toggles between both recording modes. The current recording mode is shown by the second flag of the status line: (O)verwrite / (A)ppend. aP: toggles punch mode on/off. aC: to choose the countdown value: prompts you for a number of beats to playback before any record. Then you can listen for these beats and get the rythm before playing like a maestro. aS: to choose the signature. Sets the number of beats per measures, and so the metronome variation. Also useful to set the number of beats per view in the NOTE view or the events views. aM: Toggles beetween metronome off / PC SPEAKER metronome / MIDI metronome even while playing or recording. The current mode is shown by a flag in the status line which is respectively (.), (m) or (M). You can choose metronomes' values using the configuration tool. aU: to choose the unit of the counter in the status line. You can choose in menus between the following: - (b)eats: beats/ticks. The label of the display is "beat-xx", where xx is either the signature or the zooming number. - (m)eas: measures/subbeats/ticks. The label of the display is "m-xx" where xx is the signature. - (z)oomnum: zooming number based groups of beats/subbeats/ticks. The label of the display is "z-xx" where xx is the zooming number. - (t)ime: approximative time in hours/minutes/seconds/ hundredth of seconds. This value is interpolated using the initial tempo value, so it can be a bit false if you use tempo changes, but it gives a good idea of the approximative timing. - (c)hrono: exact time in hours/minutes/seconds/ hundredth of seconds. This value is exact but is reset to zero at any time you start playing or recording. If you start from the first beat, it gives you the absolute exact timing of you sequence. If you start anywhere in the sequence, it gives you the relative exact timing from the beginning of the playing. To use as a chronometer. For the three first modes, you can also have a total value for the whole sequence. a0: toggles midithru feature, i.e. sequencer local control on/off. The current midithru status is shown on the status line ('T' for on, 't' for off). aF: sets or defeats flashing of the "mem" field on the status line when a MIDI byte comes in while the sequencer is running. It does not concern sysex bytes or active-sensing bytes (FEh). aE: sets or defeats real-time MIDI messages START/STOP/CONTINUE. aZ: to choose the number of beats per unit in GLOBAL view. This is also the number of beats per screen in the NOTE and EVENT view. aJ: makes jokers visibles or invisibles in the GLOBAL view. aL: makes looping points visibles or invisibles in the GLOBAL view. Ctrl keys: ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ^INS : insert a joker. ^DEL : delete a joker. ^F5 : goto previous joker. ^F6 : goto next joker. ^F7 : translates one step right every jokers at the right of the current point. ^F8 : translates one step leftt every jokers at the right of the current point. ^R: enters recording mode and wait. Press SPACE to begin recording or ESC to abort before it's too late... ^E: step-record mode: when you are in this mode, any key entered thru MIDI IN is used to insert one note in the current track (if you are in NOTE view) and to make a step forward. The size of the step is given by the INC value in the NOTE view. The length of the note is determinated by the default "note length value" in the NOTE view. ^P: midi panic: sends all notes off messages, off damper switches, zero modulation controller and zero bender on every MIDI channel. ^O: sends alternatively a local control on or off message to your synth, to enable or disable their internal loop via MIDI. The MIDI channel on which this message is sent is given with the LOCALCTRL configuration token. ^Q: sends initial controllers from the VARIABLE view thru MIDI OUT. ^F: searches for the last value of each controllers/benders/program changes/ tempo changes before the current beat and send them thru MIDI OUT. It is useful when you don't play back the whole track from the beginning but from a random location. This function is very acurate and it even takes care about loops. ^S: sends all sysex from the SYSEX view to MIDI OUT. ^C: makes notes continuity between the current beat and the previous one, for notes that ends at the tick 191 and start back at the tick 0. Useful when you use block cut/paste/insert/etc.. that often cuts notes. ^L: shortcut to set the looping beat of the current track to the current beat (also available as a parameter in the VARIABLE view). ^Z: toggles between signature or zooming number based global view. ^B: goto beat. ^T: goto track. ^J: goto joker. ^K: frees the buffer. ^V: refreshes any view, if you have any doubt about what QSEQ displays. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³32 - Command-line options:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ When you run QSEQ from the MS-DOS shell, you can use the following options: qsq [-h] [-x] [file1] [file2] ... -h : display this little help. -x : don't use the SB card, just simulate: useful if you don't have a SB card but still want to test QSEQ interface. In this case, the PC SPEAKER metronome is automatically switched on, so that you can at least hear the beat. File "file1" is loaded normally and next files ("file2", etc...) are just appended to the first one. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³33 - Configuration tool and file:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ The program QSQCONF.EXE can be used to configure QSEQ. Infact QSQCONF.EXE reads a configuration file and modify QSQ.EXE file itself. Before any modification it saves the initial QSQ.EXE file under QSQ&.EXE file for further recovering. You can have several config files. QSQCONF.EXE must reside and be launched in the same directory where QSQ.EXE resides. QSQCONF is secure but I recommand that you keep the original version of QSEQ on a floppy in a safe place. A configuration file contains one configuration command per line. Lines beginning with a white or a # or empty lines are ignored. Other lines are always beginning with a token-word followed by parameters separated by white characters. This configuration is sometimes only setting default values that can be modified while QSEQ is running. Here is the token list (default values are marked by an *): GLOBAL settings: ---------------- BLASTERINT iii sets soundblaster interrupt to iii (2/5/7(*)/10). BLASTERADD aaa sets soundblaster address to aaa in hexadecimal (220(*)/240). MIDITHRU n n=1: force midi thru on. (*) n=0: force midi thru off. LOCALCTRL ii cc ii=0: send no local control at the beginning of the session. ii=1: send local control off at the beginning of the session (*). ii=2: send local control on at the beginning of the session. cc: midi channel where to send the message (1-16,*=15) REALTIME n n=1: always send START/STOP/CONTINUE realtime messages. n=0: never send START/STOP/CONTINUE realtime messages (*). MIDIFLASH n n=1: make memory field blink each time a MIDI byte comes in (*). n=0: do not make memory field blink each time a MIDI byte comes in. BACKUP n n=1: automatic backup of music and sysex files on (*). n=0: automatic backup of music and sysex files off. SYSEXPAUSE sss wait sss 1/100sec between each sysex block when sending sysex files (*=10000). TEMPO ttt set default tempo to ttt bpm (*=100). METRONOME status type set default metronome status and type. status=1: metronome on. status=0: metronome off (*). type=1: midi beep. type=0: PC speaker beep (*). METROBEEP freq1 freq2 freq1: frequency of the beep on the first beat in Herz (*=9000). freq2: frequency of the beep on others beats in Herz (*=1000). METROMIDI cc1 nn1 vv1 cc2 nn2 vv2 note on the first beat: cc1: channel (*=16). nn1: note (*=37). vv1: velocity (*=127). note on others beats: cc2: channel (*=16). nn2: note (*=37). vv2: velocity (*=80). COLORS settings: ---------------- Every color token is used like this: COLOR_TOKEN forg backg blink ...where forg is the foreground attribute, backg the background attribute and blink the blink status. The following values are allowed: forg: 0: black 8: darkgrey backg: 0: black blink: 0: off 1: blue 9: lightblue 1: blue 1: on 2: green 10: lightgreen 2: green 3: cyan 11: lightcyan 3: cyan 4: red 12: lightred 4: red 5: magenta 13: lightmagenta 5: magenta 6: orange 14: lightyellow 6: yellow 7: lightgrey 15: white 7: white Following color token exists: # GENERAL COLOR: A_GEN # STATUS LINE: # file field: A_FILE # time field: A_TIME #tempo field: A_TEMPO # sequencer mode field: recording: A_SSRECORD # sequencer mode field: playing: A_SSPLAY # sequencer mode field: editing: A_SSEDIT # punch-in mode/metronome flag/midithru flag fields: A_STATUS # memory field (normal/hilight when receiving midi): A_MEM A_MEMHI # hilighted current parameter A_PARAMHI # CURSOR in NOTE view: # when the cursor is not on a note: A_CURSOFF # when the cursor is on a note: A_CURSON # note's color when under the cursor: A_NOTEHI # Difference of color to mark octaves, or different steps in the background # of NOTE/EVENT/GLOBAL view. A_STEP # Color of the cursor when prompting for a string/number/character. A_ASK # Color of the first letter of a menu item: unselected: A_MENUHI # Color of the first letter of a menu item: selected: A_MENUHISEL # GLOBAL view # color of first loop point, end of the track, archived or muted flags: A_GSPEC # color of next loop points: A_GLOOP # color of the selected area and begin/end points: A_GSEL # color of the recordable area when recording: A_GREC # color of punch in/out points: A_GPUNCH # color of jokers: A_JOKER # MESSAGES: # color of an information message: A_MSINFO # color of an error message: A_MSERR # color of an "I'm working" message: A_MSWORK ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³40 - Releases, sub-versions, and atomic changes...³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Here are the different historical versions of QSEQ. Between each release, a list of remarks shows what was the modifications for one version to another. Some remarks are obviously reserved to my personal understanding. Some bugs or illogic behaviours was discovered by QSEQ's users. I also included some of QSEQ's users suggestions. Thanks to all of them. For each release, you can read the date of the release and the size of the QSQ.EXE demo file in bytes. ------------------ - I spent 6 monthes writting the initial program in my spare time. -> version 1.0 (01/01/1994, 175254 bytes) This was the very first release, to test the market... It was a success in my opinion, because a lot of person tested this demo version seriously and reported problems. ------------------ - accepts NOTEON with nul velocity as NOTEOFF when coming from MIDI IN. Some synths like YAMAHAs use this convention if they don't use off-velocity. - changes in the look, menus and short-keys. - tool to smooth continuous MIDI events variations and to filter out useless events by linear interpolation. - tool to create MIDI events by linear or curved progression. -> version 1.0b (03/02/1994) ------------------ - implementation of jokers, to hilight the sequence's construction. - portable change in the QSEQ file format to support jokers. - humanize tool. - split-note tool. - split-channel tool. - basic improvements in the MIDI kernel. - correction of the MIDI IN bug after a SYSEX receive. -> version 1.0c (15/02/1994, 179318 bytes) ------------------ - correction of a bug in the display of GLOBAL view (end of track). - correction of the track name error in the split-note tool. - correction of the starting-playing-beat error in the GLOBAL view. - correction of an illogic thing in the mark track command. - correction of the make_note_on/make_note_off error (see what it is ?...). - separation of mute between IN and OUT (understand ?...): it means that while playing, if you mute a track, notes you are playing live are not cut... - correction of older notes-on at the beginning of a record. - send initial controlers even for empty tracks. - extension and speed gain in the split-note tool. - speed gain in the split-channel tool. - extension of the change-velocity tool. - correction of a bug when accepting multiple NOTEON messages with nul velocity as NOTEOFF messages (especially on YAMAHA synths). -> version 1.0d (01/03/1994, 181878 bytes) ------------------ - correction of a problem when loading some MIDIFILEs (some MIDIFILE contains an ending message with a very weird time stamp...). - improvment of the SB card detection at the beginning of the program. -> version 1.0e (01/04/1994, 182006 bytes) ------------------ - implementation of active-sensing recognition: any FEh byte is simply ignored. Active-sensing is used on some synths (but alas, for some QSEQ users, not mine) to check out MIDI connexions. -> version 1.0f (18/04/1994, 182038 bytes) ------------------ - correction of a (last?) bug in the humanize tool. - you can press on 'y' (and also on space bar) to keep a recorded track. - use of realtime MIDI messages START/CONTINUE/STOP. - new command-line options. - little bug when changing initial tempo after tempo changes. - one increment per track in NOTE and EVENT views, saved in QSEQ files. - easy and automatic manipulation of QSEQ files versions. - correction of a subtile random lack of screen refresh. - new tool to change MIDI event values. - introduction of the QSEQCMD variable, more command-line options and no more OPTION view. - introduction of a "jokers" submenu in the GLOBAL view. -> version 1.1 (18/05/1994, 184502 bytes) I decided to go from 1.0x to 1.1, because it seems that QSEQ is now stable. I can now go on thinking about very new improvements... People who already have a licence for version 1.0x can get a free upgrade. ------------------ - improvements in progression tools: addition of a random range. - improvements in the way simple MIDI messages are sent. - local control on/off implementation (command-line and short-key). - modification of the licence number encrypted in QSQ.EXE (one is crypted and the other clear for easily readable information purpose). Modification of the licencing software. -> version 1.1b (02/06/1994, 185222 bytes) - improvements in the NOTE view, concerning page centering when the sequencer is running. - correction of a little MIDI problem when changing track while playing when the sequencer is stopped. - diminution of the size of the QSQ.EXE file (minus 15Kb): no more using floating point operations in kernel module for frequency operations. - bigger MIDI IN buffer (from 400 to 500 bytes) to fight rapid synths, especially while big quick sysex dumps on slow disk drives! - improvements in EVENT/progression and NOTE/progression implementation. - correction of a bug for looping point change when inserting/deleting a buffer. - correction of a problem with centering (* key) in NOTE view. - correction of a problem: display of the previous measure on fast computers when starting playing in NOTE view. - correction of a display lack: in NOTE view, when there are only notes than don't start and end in the view, the centerization is not done... - insertion of zoom size in QSEQ files. Files version 8. - correction of a rare refresh view problem in NOTE and EVENT view, due to a interruption-made update of beat and sbeat. (seems to be corrected) - improvement in the internal filter management. - change of the default filter value. - addition of the rename feature in FILE view. - customization of the title when promting for a file name. - global reduction of the size of the program. - more precision in the "keep PC internal horloge safe" algo. - the STATISTIC view by ^S becomes a full-featured LOOK view. - ^A for sending all sysex becomes ^S. More logical. - show the blinking text cursor while waiting for a number, string or char. - !!!!!! configuration tool and file for custom colors (and then suppression of the numerous online options... so please update you config.). - correction of a problem for joker/previous when after any joker. - correction of a problem while loading file on start (have to forget the first argv). -> version 1.1c (09/02/1995, 172006 bytes) ------------------ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³41 - Conclusion:³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ So here is the whole thing. I hope you find QSEQ interesting enough to use it for your musical work. Remember: 1) if you don't like Windows, 2) if you do like quick and easy to use software, 3) if you look like an elephant - I mean if you don't like mice but shortkeys and all this kind of stuff - , 4) if you don't want to spend a lot of money buying a big sofware and the PC-PENTIUM-90MHz it needs, 5) if you don't hate french people even if they eat frogs legs - by the way, it's good, it tastes like a very delicate chicken - , 6) if you were very upset when you discovered that the demo version didn't save anything,... ... one solution: buy me, you won't regret it. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³42 - "Cul Sec":³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Just a short note about the name of this program: "QSEQ". You don't know me, so maybe I should also explain my skewed sense of humor for those non-french- people out there... "QSEQ" (or Quick Sequencer), can be pronounced "Koo Seck" in french. It's a (sort-of) "play-on-words" which might well "tickle the funny-bone" of anybody who knows a few slang words from french,... because, "Koo Seck", sounds like: "Cul Sec", which in french, means, "Bottoms Up!". So, go out and buy yourself a nice bottle (red wine) like a "Chateau-Neuf-du-Pape"... then,... Raise your glass, and shout: "Koo Seck" - in the company of one of your most musical friends! Bottoms up! P.S. Thanks to the "Keyboard Cowboy" (my american beta tester, he too lives in France - lucky guy, eh?) for helping me to explain this valuable bit of silliness for all you english speakers out there. ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³50 - That's all folks !³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ